中考英语书面表达题型分析

书面表达是中考中的主观题。培养写作技能，训练语言表达能力是新教材英语语言教学的主要内容之一。《新课标》要求学生能在所学词汇、语法和句型的基础上造简单的句子；能仿照学过的题材和所给的范例写简单的书信、便条、通知等。书面表达是中考英语测试的一个重要方面，综合地考查学生运用所学的英语知识进行语言表达的能力。

一、书面表达题的题型特点

纵观全国各省市的中考英语试题，书面表达题所占的分值在10分左右，书面表达的题型看起来繁多，但都在初中阶段所学的范围之内，内容并不多，题型多为以下几种：

1. 看图编写对话或短文。

2. 根据图示(或英文提示)填写对话或短文中所缺的词语。

3. 根据中文提示编写对话或短文。

4. 根据中文(或英文)提示编写书信、日记、通知、感谢信等。

初中阶段的书面表达主要是考查学生是否具备将零乱的句子组成段落的能力，同时也是考查学生的语句组织能力。从难度上看，填写对话或短文中所缺的词语这一方面的题比较容易，因为句子是现成的，不用自己再造。看图编写对话或短文则要困难一些，因为句子全要自己编写。难度最大的是按中文或英文提示写作文，除了句子不犯语法错误，单词拼写正确外，还要求上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑。

二、做书面表达时应注意的几点

1. 书面表达虽然有一定的主观性，但不同于其他的写作，有它的独特之处，学生不能离开提示自定内容。即在做的时候，一定要注意提示或图，切中题意。

2. 提示内容要全部写上，不能丢掉一些材料中所包含的内容。

3. 在遣词造句时，一定要选用在课本中学过的并有把握的词汇和句型，决不要凭自己的想像和猜测去写，否则就有可能写出汉语式的英文。

4. 在写短文时，适当的运用所学过的一些连词，将散乱的句子连接成通顺的短文。

5. 若为应用文，格式要正确，书写要符合规范。

6. 做完之后，要认真检查，看语句是否通顺、正确，是否有拼写、大小写、标点符号等方面的错误。

三、书面表达题的答题方法

做书面表达的解题技巧有：

1. 对于看图作文一定要看清画面，了解图示所表达的主要内容，尤其要注意图片中的人物、地点和背景；把握关键词语，积极展开联想；逐图进行描述，综合起来思考。

2. 对于应用文写作一定要仔细阅读写作要求、所给的提示、文字说明等材料，确定写作的文体和格式；根据提供的写作材料，确立主题，列出要点；根据要点运用所掌握的英语词语和知识把要点适当展开，用自己最熟悉最有把握的句型和词汇来表达。尽可能地用多样化的句子结构和句型，使语言丰富、流畅。

3. 写完之后要检查修改。要对照题目要求，认真通读全句、对话或短文，检查内容有无遗漏，时态、语态是否妥当，单词的拼写是否正确，主谓是否一致，句子的语序和表达是否符合英文习惯等，尽量减少错误。

中考英语书面表达题·电子邮件

假设你是Liu Ming。下面是你的笔友Zhang Ping给你发来的e-mail，请你也用e-mail给Zhang Ping回信。所写内容的词数在70个左右。

Dear Liu Ming,

I’m very happy that you’re going to stay with us for the weekend. Will you come by bus or by train? When are you arriving? What do you look like? And what are you going to wear? Please tell me so that I can recognize you when I meet you at the station. By the way, what’s your favourite food, drink and fruit? I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here. Please write to me soon.

Zhang Ping

【参考范文】

Dear Zhang Ping,

Thanks for your last e-mail. I’m going to your hometown by bus on Friday. I’m arriving at about 4:00 in the afternoon. You can meet me at the bus station. Sorry I forgot to send you a picture of mine by e-mail. I’m tall and a little thin. I’ll wear a red T-shirt that day. Don’t think too much about food. Home cooking is just OK. I like orange juice best and bananas are my favourite fruit. I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun together. Oh, I can’t wait.

Liu Ming

中考英语书面表达题·表格类

（1）

假如昨天你们班级以Shall we keep animals in zoos? 为题开了一次讨论会，请你根据下面的表用英语写一篇60字左右的报道，介绍讨论会的情况，第一句已经给出，不计入词数。

Yesterday we had a discussion about whether we should keep animals in zoos

【参考范文】

Yesterday we had a discussion about whether we should keep animals in zoos. Twenty students thought that it was good to keep animals in zoos because people could see many different kinds of animals there and animals were taken good care of in the zoos. But thirty students thought it not good for animals. Since the animals were kept in cages, they were not able to travel (walk, run) freely. Animals liked to live in nature.

（2）

今天你到广州的一家超市购物，遇见一群英国游客，在交谈中，他们谈到他们明天想去广州动物园参观，向你打听该园的门票价格和开放时间。请你根据下面表格中的内容向他们介绍，并顺便提醒他们你认为参观时应注意的事项。词数不少于80个。

注：成人adult

【参考范文】

Guangzhou Zoo is the largest one in our city. The ticket for an adult is 80 yuan. The children over 1.20m in height can pay only half of it, and the ones under 1.20m can enter the zoo for free. The zoo opens from 9:00 a. m. to 4:00 p. m. on weekdays and from 8:00 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. on weekends. By the way, while visiting the zoo, you’d better not feed the animals with the food you take. And don’t get too close to or even touch the animals. That would be very dangerous. Please keep the zoo clean as well.

Wish you a good time!

（3）

假设你去参加英语夏令营，外籍老师要求你介绍你的一位好友，请根据下面表格提供的信息写一篇短文。短文开头已经给出。

要求：

1. 所给的信息必须全部用上；

2. 必要时可增加内容，着重描述学习情况和特长爱好；

3. 字数一定要在80字左右；4. 表达连贯，书写工整。

【参考范文】

My friend,

My friend is Li Wei. He is a boy. He is fifteen / 15 years old. He studies / is in / at No. 3 Middle School. There are three people in his family, his father, his mother and he. He studies hard at all his subjects. He is good at Chinese and maths. I am a little weak in maths. So he often helps me with it. His favourite sports are swimming and playing basketball. He is on the school team. He enjoys reading and listening to music. He is kind and friendly. We all like him

中考英语书面表达题·通知

请以下面的内容写一则通知：

学生会the Student Union定于6月28日14点30分在学校操场召开全校学生大会，大会内容为远离网吧(net bars)拒绝不健康出版物(unhealthy publications)，请按时参加。

【参考范文】

NOTICE

June 27th

Our school will have a meeting on the playground at 14:30 June 28. The meeting is about being (keeping) away from net bars and refusing unhealthy publications. Please be on time. / Don’t be late. The Student Union

中考英语书面表达题·要点类

■根据下列提示的信息写一篇60至80字的短文。要求书写规范，语句通顺行文流畅，结构完整，语法正确。

内容提示：

1. 小明随父亲打工进城；

2. 小明到一所中学继续读书；

3. 在学习上不明遇到一些困难；

4. 同学们想办法帮助他，使他克服了困难，取得了进步。

【参考范文】

Xiaoming’s father found a job in the city, and Xiaotning had to go there with him. He went on with his study in a middle school, but he began to have some problems in his study. Happily for him, his new classmates were very kind and tried to help him in different ways. Soon Xiaoming solved all the problems and did better and better in all the subjects.

■假设今天是4月9号，星期五。请根据以下要点写一篇60字左右的值日报告。文章的开头和结尾已经给出。文章必须包括以下要点：

1. 星期几、日期、天气；

2. 除了林涛以外所有同学都来了；

3. 昨天的运动会上林涛受伤了；

4. 放学后要去看他，希望他很快好起来；

5. 其他需要报告的事情。

【参考范文】

I’m on duty today. Today is Friday, April 9. It’s sunny. Everyone is here except LinTao. As you know, he hurt his leg at the sports meeting yesterday. We’ll go to see him after school. I hope he will be all right soon. By the way, some English experts will come to visit our school tomorrow. Please be polite to them. That’s all. Thank you

■假如你是张强，请你根据美国Bob的来信内容，结合你自己的情况写出一篇语言连贯，符合逻辑的英文回信。

要求：认真阅读来信的内容，从中获得你所需要的信息；词数在80左右。 注意：信中不得出现真实的姓名和地址

【参考范文】

Dear friend,

Hello. I’m your new friend. My name is Bob. I’m fifteen. I’m American. I live in New York.

I am a middle school student. I’m good at maths. It is very interesting. My favou-rite sport is basketball. And I am not only a basktball fan but also a good player. I like pop music. My friends and I often sing pop songs together.

After school, I am interested in getting online. I have known a lot about China from the Internet. Now I’m learning Chinese. I hope I will visit your country one day.

Please write to me and tell me something about your life. I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours,

Bob